{"id":68,"date":"2018-03-27T13:26:48","date_gmt":"2018-03-27T10:26:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/museumofphotography.eu\/?page_id=68"},"modified":"2026-07-10T17:26:51","modified_gmt":"2026-07-10T14:26:51","slug":"istoriya-na-fotografiyata","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/museumofphotography.eu\/en\/istoriya-na-fotografiyata\/","title":{"rendered":"History of photography"},"content":{"rendered":"

[vc_row full_width=”stretch_row”][vc_column][vc_column_text css=””]Photography literally means “light writing”, or “painting with light”. The etymology is related to the Greek word “\u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7” = lightwriting.
\nScience defines photography as a method of obtaining a permanent image by projecting the image of an object or any object, using a focusing optical system \u2013 a photographic lens, onto a photographic medium, which can be a plate, a film with a light-sensitive emulsion or a matrix.
\nThe birthday of photography is considered to be January 7, 1839, when the French scientist Fran\u00e7ois Dominique Arago made an official scientific announcement to the Paris Academy of Sciences about the method discovered by the artist Daguerre for preserving a permanent photographic image. The method received his name \u2013 daguerreotype. However, the history of photography can be traced back to the time of Aristotle (384 \u2013 322 BC). For the first time, he observed the phenomenon known as the camera obscura \u2013 in Latin, \u201cdark room\u201d.<\/p>\n

Camera obscura<\/strong><\/h2>\n
\"\"

Camera obsura<\/p><\/div>\n

This is a simplified optical device that allows you to obtain optical images of real objects. It is a dark box into which no light penetrates. The box has an opening on one of the walls and a screen – frosted glass or white paper, on the opposite side. The diameter of the opening is about 0.5 – 5 mm. From the opening to the “screen” a slightly blurred, enlarged and inverted image is obtained. It is on this principle that some of the first cameras work. Repeatedly described by various scientists, such as Abu Ali Alhazen (965 – 1039), Albertus Magnus (1193 – 1280), Roger Bacon (1214 – 1294) and Leonardo da Vinci (1452 – 1519), but at the same time – forbidden by religion and sinking into oblivion again, the camera obscura was last rediscovered by Giovanni Battista de la Porta in 1558.<\/p>\n

The father of <\/strong>the photographic lens<\/strong><\/h2>\n

In 1568, Danielo Barbaro proposed placing a collecting lens in the camera aperture, which would make it wider and the image projected by the lens much brighter and clearer! This was actually the first photographic lens.<\/p>\n

The astronomer Johannes Kepler (1571 \u2013 1630) proposed painting the inner walls of the camera matte black so that they would not diffusely reflect light \u2013 a condition that modern camera manufacturers also comply with.<\/p>\n

In 1613, the German astronomer Christoph Scheiner (1575 \u2013 1650) constructed, based on Kepler\u2019s idea, a small portable camera with a lens, with which he determined the period of the Sun’s rotation and the inclination of its axis to the ecliptic by observations of sunspots..
\nIn 1759, Lambert laid the foundations of perspective and projective geometry.
\nIn 1857 Caspar Schott constructed the first camera with the ability to focus the image. It consisted of two wooden boxes (chests) that fit tightly into each other. On the bottom of one box was the opening with the lens, and the transparent bottom of the other served as a focal plane – a frame window. Focusing was done by sliding the two boxes into each other.
\nWith a similar camera, Louis Daguerre made his first attempts to obtain a permanent photographic image.
\nThe first improved photographic lens is considered to be the one constructed by Wollaston (1766 – 1826). It consisted of a meniscus collecting lens and a diaphragm. This lens outlined the edges of the frame better than the previously used non-diaphragmatic double-convex lenses.<\/p>\n

The evolution in photo-optics production as a reason for fast growth in photography<\/h2>\n

Photo-optics then developed from the discoveries of Professor Joseph Petzval, who in 1841 constructed a photo lens that was well corrected for optical aberrations. Its aperture was impressive for that time with its dimensions of 1:3:2.
\nIn 1853, Levi proposed the idea of replacing the lens cap, by opening and closing which the exposure was made, with a falling plate – the prototype of the modern photographic shutter.
\nIn 1865, Scheinheil constructed the periscope, and later – the applanate – symmetrical photo lenses with well-corrected distortion.
\nIn 1877, the Pole W\u0142adys\u0142aw Wernerke proposed the construction of a camera working with roll film wound in roll cassettes.
\nIn 1888, the American company Kodak of George Eastman launched a camera with a paper light-sensitive strip, and in 1889 – with a celluloid strip.
\nIn 1913 The first Mentor SLR camera was produced.
\nIn 1924, the first 6 Leica cameras of the Leitz company, designed by Oskar Bernhard (1879\u20131936), were released on the market. The frame format of these cameras was 24\u00d736 mm, on a 35 mm wide, 165 cm long film, allowing the shooting of 36 frames. Since then, this small format has been popularly called the \u201cLaika format\u201d and is the most common today.
\nIn 1929, the first two-lens camera, the Rolleiflex, was produced, also medium format.
\nIn 1934, the Primaflex was produced, with a frame format of 6\u00d76 cm (medium format).
\nIn 1936, the first small-format SLR camera, the Kine-Exacta, was produced in Dresden.
\nIn 1939, the first microformat camera, the Minox, with a frame format of 8x11mm, appeared.
\nThe evolution of photography continues to go hand in hand with scientific discoveries in various fields \u2013 optics, fine mechanics, chemistry, electronics. Modern photography finds wide application in all areas of life in science, art, medicine, media and so on.
\nThis area is developing especially quickly and is becoming more accessible to more people nowadays, when digital photography and large social networks on the Internet are a fact, which provide an opportunity for a huge audience of photographic images.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

First in photography<\/h2>\n

[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_media_grid item=”406″ css=”” grid_id=”vc_gid:1783684164655-08d169fe-01e5-0″ include=”214,215,216″][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text css=””]\u2022 1825: French physicist Joseph Nic\u00e9phore Ni\u00e9pce takes a photograph of a simple engraving, which could be classified more as a heliography. Its significance, however, is extremely important for the overall further development of true photographic images. Today this image is part of the collection of the French National Library.
\n\u2022 1826: Joseph Ni\u00e9pce takes the first real photo-image of a view from the window of his house. The attempt takes eight hours. The image is a bit blurry, according to today’s ideas for focused picture. But it isn\u2019t it precisely the basis of the rapid development of photography in our time.
\n\u2022 1838: Frenchman Louis Jacques Mande Daguerre takes the first photograph containing a human image. This marks the beginning of the technology that takes his name – daguerreotype. The images are clearer. The view is a Parisian boulevard in perspective. If you look closely, you can see a man holding up one foot to have his shoe shined by a street shoe polisher.
\n\u2022 1839: American inventor and photographer Robert Cornelius takes the first portrait of a person \u2013 his own personal self-portrait. The first selfie, taken in Philadelphia, takes Cornelius more than a minute to stand still in front of the camera.
\n\u2022 1847: An unknown photojournalist takes the first photograph for the media. The photo shows a man being arrested in France.
\n\u2022 1855: British Roger Fenton is the first shooting war photography. He takes more than 300 shots of the Crimean War.
\n\u2022 1858: Gaspard F\u00e9lix Tournachon photographs Paris from the air for the first time which becomes the world’s first aerial photography.
\n\u2022 1861: Physicist James Clark Maxwell takes the first colorfull picture.
\n\u2022 1877: Louis Ducaud du Auron takes the first true color photograph of real objects \u2013 \u201cLandscape of the South of France\u201d.
\n\u2022 1842 -1843: The first preserved photography of Bulgarian family dates back to this period. It captures the images of Todor Minkov and his mother, portrayed in Vienna. It is assumed that the photograph was taken by the Bulgarian Anastas Jovanovich.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

[vc_row full_width=”stretch_row”][vc_column][vc_column_text css=””]Photography literally means “light writing”, or “painting with light”. The etymology is related to the Greek word “\u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7” = lightwriting. Science defines photography as a method of obtaining a permanent image by projecting the image of an object or any object, using a focusing optical system \u2013 a photographic lens, onto a photographic…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_piecal_is_event":false,"_piecal_start_date":"","_piecal_end_date":"","_piecal_is_allday":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-68","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","description-off"],"yoast_head":"\nHistory of photography - Museum of Photography<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0417\u0430 \u0440\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d \u0434\u0435\u043d \u043d\u0430 \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430 7 \u044f\u043d\u0443\u0430\u0440\u0438 1839 \u0433., \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0444\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u044f\u0442 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d \u0424\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043e\u0430 \u0410\u0440\u0430\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438 \u0441\u044a\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u041f\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0436\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0430\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043c\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435, \u0437\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0442 \u0445\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0414\u0430\u0433\u0435\u0440 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431 \u0437\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/museumofphotography.eu\/en\/istoriya-na-fotografiyata\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"History of photography - 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